Cylinder heads for internal combustion engines



3,022,775 CYLINDER HEADS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Sept. 26, 1960 c. H. BOUVY Feb. 27 1962 4 Sheets-Sheet :1

INVENTOR.

CHmsT/AAN HBouvY f ATTORNEY Feb. 27, 1962 c. H. BOUVY 3,022,775

CYLINDER HEADS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Sept. 25, 1960 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 v I 7 &\ c I n ;62 II A E2 m I 2o l2 W INVENTOR. ao CHIP/ST/AAN H. BouvY ATTORNEY 3,022,775 CYLINDER HEADS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Sept. 26, 1960 c. H. aouvY Feb. 27, 19 2 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 m m m M 6 HIMWOH 2 PM a w m I 7 w 4 w v fl l Hi WMH 5 .3 2 4. I e 3 1 HTTOANEY CYLINDER HEADS FOR-INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Sept. 26, 1960 C. H. BOUVY Feb. 27, 1962 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENT OR. O/R/s r/AAN H. Bouvy BY A770 NEY 3,622,775 CYLINDER ADS FOR INTERNAL CQMBUSTEON ENGINES Christiana H. Eouvy, Bloomfield Township, Mich, assignor to John Dolza, Fenton, Mich. Filed Sept. 26, 1960, Ser. No. 58,421 4 Claims. (Ci. 123-4132) This invention relates to internal combustion engines and more particularly to a die cast, aluminum, or other light relatively high expansion alloy cylinder head for engine block assemblies all arranged and assembled to provide an effective unitary assembly.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved cylinder head construction which is adapted for fabrication from a plurality of sections, and in which the ports and passages are so constructed and arranged that the several sections thereof can be formed by using conventional die casting techniques.

Another object of the invention is to provide a die cast cam shaft support in which the cam shaft bearing supports are integral with the upper section of the multiple head sections.

A further object of the invention is to provide transverse beams in one section of the head between the hold down bolts for the several sections for increasing the rigidity of the head in the coolant section.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will more fully appear from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine showing the improved cylinder head construction.

FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken on line 22 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken on line 33 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary top plan view of the central portion of the multi-cylinder head as viewed on line 44 of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a transverse sectional view taken on line 55 of FIG. 9.

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary cross sectional view taken on line 6-6 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 7 is a top plan view, partially broken away and shown in cross section, of the bottom section of the cylinder head in reduced scale.

FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of the bottom section shown in FIG. 7 showing the exhaust ports.

FIG. 9 is a bottom plan view of the bottom section shown in FIG. 7.

FIG. 10 is a fragmentary side elevational view of the bottom section shown in FIG. 7 showing the intake ports.

The particular embodiment of the invention disclosed herein is illustrated in a multiple section cylinder head construction comprising an upper cam shaft bearing sec tion C, a central oil chamber and valve stem guide section 0, and a lower manifold and combustion chamber section M. The three sections are separately cast by using conventional die casting technique, pro-assembled, and bolted together and to the cylinder block 12. The upper section C is secured to the central section 0 by studs 11, and the sections 0 and M are secured to the cylinder block 12 by through bolts 13 passing through aligned bores 14 and 15 in the sections 0 and M respectively. The bolts 13 are shown screw threaded into the cylinder block 12. Washers 16 and nuts 17 on the upper end of the through bolts 13 are employed to draw and secure the sections to the cylinder block 12, there being gaskets 18, 19 and 28 between the sections C, O and M and the cylinder block 12 respectively.

atet

is machined flat and, except for the bearing portions 24, V

is open for communication with the interior of the central section 0.

The upper and lower surfaces of the central section 0 are machined flat for tight fitting engagement with the bottom surface of the section C and the upper surface of the section M. Lubricant or oil chambers 25 are formed in the section 0 which communicate with the interior of section C. The section 0 is further provided with the valve lifter guides 26 and valve stem guides 27.

The lower section M has its upper and lower surfaces machined fiat for tight fitting engagement with the bottom surface of the section 0 and the upper surface of inserts 35 of a harder material than the aluminum casting may be cast or pressed and shrunk into the aluminum casting forming the section M. The section M is further provided with a transverse beam 37 between the axis of adjacent cylinders 38 and extend transversely between the oppositely disposed through bolt bosses 39 in which the bores 15 are formed, thus providing transverse rigidity to this section of the head. The beams 37 extending vertically from the bottom surface of the section M to a distance spaced below the top surface thereof and the bottom .of the central section 0 to provide a steam or vapor passage 40 longitudinally of the cylinder head. The lower portion of the transverse beams have coolant passages 41 therethrough.

At one end of the cylinder block 12 there is an oil pas sage 42, and vertically aligned oil passages 43, 44 and 45 in the sections M, O and C respectively. An oil pump 46, diagrammatically shown, is mounted in a chamber 47 for forcing oil upwardly through the aligned passages 42, 43, 44 and 45 to a longitudinal oil passage 48 formed in the cam shaft 21. A transversely extending passage 49 in an end cam shaft bearing aligned with the passage 45 intermittently supplies the passage 48 with lubricant as the cam shaft is rotated. There are transverse passages 50 in the other cam shaft journals 23 communicating with the oil passage 48 for supplying lubricant to the cam shaft bearings 24 and transverse passages 51 through the cam shaft 21 for supplying lubricant to the valve lifters which are later more fully described. Plugs 52 close the opposite ends of the passage 48 in the cam shaft 21. Lubricant seepage through the cam shaft bearings 24 and lubricant flow from the cam shaft 21 is drained into the lubricant chambers 25 and returns through passage 53 to the engine crank crank case and oil pump 46.

Referring now to the intake and exhaust valves and the valve lifting mechanism and particularly to FIG. 2, it will be noted that the intake valves 54 and exhaust valves 55 are opened by the cam lobes 22 directly without the use of rocker arms and push rods. This is practicable because the cam shaft is located directly over the upper ends of the intake valve stems 56 and the exhaust valve stems 57, all in a vertical position and longitudinally aligned with the axis of the cam shaft 21. Each valve operating mechanism comprises an inverted cup shaped valve lifter member 58 which has its base interposed between the cam lobes 22 and the upper end of a valve stem 56 or 57. The cup shaped member is reciprocated in the valve lifter guides 26 by the rotation of the cam lobes 22 and a compression spring 59 which i biased between the base of the section 0 and a removable spring retainer sleeve 60 secured to the upper end of the valve stems 56 and 57 by a split ring 61 engaged within a groove 62 in the upper end of the valve stems 56 and 57, the removable retainer sleeve 60 having a conical inner peripheral surface to engage an external peripheral surface of the split ring 61. An oil sealing ring 63 is arranged between the valve stems and the valve stem guide 64 forming a part of section 0.

The intake ports 31 are formed in the section M and are connected to an intake manifold 66 through passages 67, and the exhaust port 32 is connected to an exhaust manifold 68 through a passage 69.

To assure proper alignment of the ports and passages in the three sections, there may be provided sleeve dowels 70 which are fitted between the bores 14 and 15, and the openings for the stud 13 in the sections and M. The spark plug openings are shown at 80 in FIG. 9 which are provided with the usual spark plugs, not shown.

By providing a cylinder head having multiple sections, it is possible to die cast the sections individually and assemble them into a unitary head, which may be secured to the cylinder block by the through bolts 13 which hold the sections together, without sand coring as is usually practiced in cylinder head casting. It will also be noted that the upper section C, supporting the cam shaft, is cooled by the lubricant in the central section 0 which is in turn cooled by water jacket 34.

The transverse beam 37 forms transverse rigidity at the tangential meeting points of the adjacent cylinders 38 where weakness otherwise would occur. The transverse beam 37 has been so designed that coolant passing through the openings 41 and 40 can freely circulate to cool the lubricant in the lubricant chambers 25. Being directly transversely opposite the through bolts 13, the transverse beam 37 provides great rigidity to the cylinder head assembly. This beam further adds rigidity to the section 0 through the sleeve dowels 70.

The carrying of the cam shaft in the top of the upper section of the cylinder head together with the placing of the intake and exhaust valves vertically and longitudinally spaced therebelow, and as a part of the multiple section head, affords great economy in manufacture and facilitates servicing,

Although but a single embodiment of the invention has been disclosed and described herein, it is obvious that many changes may be made in the size, shape, arrangement and detail of the several elements thereof, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a multiple section cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, a camshaft supporting section including a cam shaft journaled therein, a second section including valve operating mechanism therein, said second section being provided with a lubricant chamber for receiving cam shaft lubricant supplied to said cam shaft and draining from said cam shaft supporting section, a third section provided with valve stem guides, intake and exhaust ports, a water jacket chamber and a combustion chamber, valves for opening and closing said ports, said valves having valve stems projecting through said valve stem guides for direct engagement with said valve operating mechanism in said second section, and bolt means securing the several sections into a unitary whole.

2. In a three section cylinder head for an internal combustion engine having the lower section thereof provided with intake and exhaust ports including a water jacket surrounding said ports, oppositely and transversely spaced bosses between said ports having bores therethrough for receiving cylinder head securing bolts, and a vertical beam extending transversely through said water jacket between said bosses and extending from the iower surface of said lower section to a distance slightly below the upper surface of said section, and bolt means securing the several sections into a unitary Whole.

3. In a three section cylinder head for an internal combustion engine having the lower section thereof provided with intake and exhaust ports including a water jacket surrounding said ports, oppositely and transversely spaced bosses between said ports having bores therethrough for receiving cylinder head securing bolts, and a vertical beam extending transversely through said water jacket between said bosses and extending from the lower surface of said lower section to a distance slightly below the upper surface of said section, said beam being provided with pass-ages therethrough adjacent the bottom thereof,

and bolt means securing the several sections into a unitary whole.

4. In a multiple section cylinder head for an internal combustion engine having an upper section in which cylindrical camshaft bearing supports are provided. in axial alignment, said bearing supports being formed integral with said section, a second section including valve stem guides, and a third section including intake and eX- haust ports, a combustion chamber and valve stem guides aligned with the valve stem guides of said second section, said second and third sections constructed and arranged to be secured to a cylinder block, said first section constructed and arranged to be secured to said second section, and means securing said sections together to form in etfect an integral whole.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED' STATES PATENTS 1,647,848 Woolson Nov. 1, 1927 1,889,583 Woolson Nov. 29, 1932 2,182,990 Kishiine Dec. 12, 1939 2,700,969 Nallinger Feb. 1, 1955 2,769,438 Witzky Nov. 6, 1956 2,963,015 Caris Dec. 6, 1960 

